The financial year ran from Michaelmas (29 September) to the next Michaelmas. Understanding the rolls: timing and language It was probably this resemblance to a pipe that gave the documents their common name before the 13th century, and officially until at least the early 18th century, the roll for the year was known as ‘the Great Roll’, or the ‘roll of the year’.Ĭhancery rolls, which began in 1199, were composed of membranes sewn head to foot ‘Chancery style’: they lacked the sewing ridge at the centre of an Exchequer style roll, and thus were rolled into a much smaller roll.
The rotuli were sewn head to head ‘Exchequer style’, rolled up together to look like a section of drainage pipe, and stored, usually covered with waxed parchment for protection. The front was known as the ‘face’, and the back as the ‘dorse’. A rotulus, the Latin word for ‘roll’, was composed of two membranes of sheepskin parchment, stitched together in the middle, and with both sides used for writing. Understanding the rolls: composition and materialsĮach pipe roll was made up of a number of rotuli. The Pipe Roll Society is dedicated to publishing editions of the pipe rolls and other related medieval documents.Ī few calendars of other pipe roll material have been published by county record societies. Search our library catalogue using the search term ‘pipe roll’ for printed transcriptions of rolls up until 1224, published predominantly by the Pipe Roll Society.Ĭonsult The Pipe Roll Society website for a similar list of the rolls that it has so far published and information on recent and forthcoming publications. See section 6 for guidance on finding related records. Once you have a document reference you can view the roll either by visiting The National Archives at Kew or paying for copies to be sent to you. E 352 for the Chancellor’s rolls these are largely duplicates of the pipe rolls but often contain minor variants and occasionally more substantial differences.
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Originally, two copies of each account were made and these separate copies are kept in separate record series.Ĭlick on the following series references to search for records within each respective series using keywords and dates. To view pipe rolls at The National Archives you must first use Discovery, our catalogue, to find document references within one of the two record series listed below.
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How to find and view pipe rolls 3.1 The original records wages for royal servants and royal giftsģ.
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